4.10 KEY GRAMMAR POINT - IMPERFECT

IMPERFEKTI: Imperfekti-aikamuotoa käytetään kun halutaan kuvata toimintaa tai tilannetta, joka tapahtui menneisyydessä.
esim. Yesterday I received 3 telephone calls.
Winston Churchill died 30 years ago. 		Eilen sain 3 puhelinsoittoa.
Winston Churchill kuoli 30 vuotta sitten.
IMPERFEKTIN MUODOSTAMINEN:
 
  1. Säännölliset verbit:
    verbin perusmuotoon lisätään pääte -d, -ed, tai -ied.
  2. Epäsäännölliset verbit:
    imperfekti ei ole johdettavissa perusmuodosta, vaan se on opeteltava ulkoa.
SÄÄNNÖLLISET VERBIT:
 
  • Suurimpaan osaan verbeistä lisätään -ed: talk - talked   watch - watched   listen - listened
  • Kun verbin viimeinen kirjain on e, lisätään loppuun vain d:    like - liked  hope - hoped
  • Kun verbin viimeinen kirjain on y, se muutetaan i:ksi ja lisätään -ed-pääte:
    hurry - hurried   carry - carried   dry - dried   (POIKKEUS: stay - stayed   play - played)
  • Lyhyiden verbien viimeinen kirjain yleensä kahdentuu, ja verbi saa -ed-päätteen:
    stop - stopped   log - logged
EPÄSÄÄNNÖLLISET VERBIT:
 
  • Suuri osa tärkeimmistä verbeistä on epäsäännöllisiä, mikä tarkoittaa että imperfekti on yleensä täysin erilainen kuin perusmuoto.
    
go  -  went   buy  -  bought    see  -  saw    have  -  had   come  -  came

    

  • Kappaleen lopusta löytyy lista tärkeimmistä epäsäännöllisistä verbeistä.




JOITAKIN MENNEEN AJAN ILMAISUJA:


 

  1. Yesterday,  yesterday morning,  yesterday afternoon,  yesterday evening

  2. Last night,  last Monday,  last week,  last winter,  last Christmas  - ja muut "last"  ilmaisut

  3. an hour ago,  three hours ago,   five weeks ago,  two months ago  - ja muut "ago"  ilmaisut 








Preesens
Imperfekti


I usually watch TV in the evening.
You often listen to the radio.
She seldom buys a newspaper.
They drink champagne every day.
I watched a good film on TV yesterday evening.
You listened to the radio yesterday morning.
She bought a newspaper yesterday.
They drank champagne yesterday.






IMPERFECT TENSE - POSITIVE


 
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
played
drank
ate
walked
rained
bought
travelled
I played tennis for two hours yesterday.
You drank a lot of milk when you were young.
He ate a large hamburger.
She walked to work yesterday morning.
It rained all day yesterday.
We bought our car two years ago.
They travelled to New York yesterday.






IMPERFECT TENSE - NEGATIVE


 
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
didn't
drink
sell
like
watch
snow
play
answer
I didn't drink any coffee yesterday.
You didn't sell your old car.
He didn't like fish when he was a boy.
She didn't watch TV yesterday evening.
It didn't snow very much last winter.
We didn't play golf  3 years ago.
They didn't answer the telephone.


IMPERFECT TENSE - QUESTIONS


 
Did
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
switch
go
speak
write
rain
play
work
Did I switch the iron off?
 you go to the shops yesterday?
Did he speak to you about the new car?
Did she write the letter?
Did it rain a lot last month?
Did we play well?
Did they work hard yesterday?








KYSYMYKSEN TEOSSA ON OIKEA SANAJÄRJESTYS TÄRKEÄ:


DID
SUBJEKTI
VERBI
OBJEKTI
AJANMÄÄRE


Did
you
Smith
your sister
he
Mr and Mrs
go
learn
drive
eat
write
to London
English
home
the cake
you a letter?
two days ago?
when she was at school?
yesterday afternoon?
yesterday?










Kun käytetään kysymyssanaa tai -fraasia (What, Where, How many, At what time, jne.) tulee tämä ensin, ja kysymyksen loppu muodostetaan käyttämällä ylläolevaa järjestystä.


KYSYMYSSANA / -FRAASI
DID
SUBJEKTI
VERBI
OBJEKTI
AJANMÄÄRE


Where
did
you
go
 
last night?


When
did
he
write
the letter?
 


At What time
did
your mum
come
home
yesterday?


How much
did
your car
cost?
 
 


How many bottles of juice
did
she
buy
 
last week?






PITKÄT JA LYHYET VASTAUKSET


KYSYMYS
PITKÄ VASTAUS
LYHYT VASTAUS


Did you buy a new car last week?
No, I didn't buy a new car last week.
No, I didn't.


 
Yes, I bought a new car last week.
Yes, I did.


NEVER SAY: YES, I BOUGHT!!!